A Na-Y zeolite layer captures HF and CO2 inside lithium secondary cells to limit pressure buildup, preserve performance, and improve safety.
Controlled dealumination keeps BEA zeolite highly acidic and crystalline across broad SiO2/Al2O3 ratios, avoiding defect-driven loss.
A water-based emulsion with a trace volatile organic compound controls MOF particle size while avoiding surfactant washing steps.