A hierarchical porous MFI molecular sieve grows on a porous silicon dioxide carrier using nano zeolite seeds and secondary hydrothermal crystallization.
Dual organic agents direct ultrathin mordenite crystal growth to 3-10 nm thickness.
Adding water-soluble oxidized disulfide oil to the sol-gel mixture increases beta zeolite yield by 14 percent while valorizing refinery waste streams.
Oxidized disulfide oil serves as a sulfur source during mordenite synthesis, converting hazardous refinery by-products into valuable catalysts.
Sub-molten salt activation of natural aluminosilicate minerals enables direct mordenite synthesis.