Intense pulsed ion extraction delivers high peak beam current while limiting background gas and preserving ultra-high vacuum in accelerators.
Radial charged vanes and a magnetic electron trap recover energy from escaping mirror-fusion ions while reducing exchange losses.
A flexible element and breathable film keep battery packs pressure-balanced in normal use and open a second channel for relief during thermal shock.
Dielectric structures and magnetic fields suppress vacuum flashover and dark current in compact feedthroughs for reliable high-voltage operation.
A ring-shaped edge contact replaces flying leads in HTS coils, improving current delivery, heat transfer, and quench resistance.
Radial charged vanes and a magnetic electron trap recover energy from escaping mirror-fusion ions while limiting neutral losses.