Preheating liquid at the inflow surface lowers viscosity, speeds supply to the atomization surface, and helps prevent core burning.
Dynamic ADC gain switching improves heater resistance and temperature measurement across power ranges for more precise control.
A conductive gel and encapsulant let a textile bus deliver up to 30 W while staying flexible under repeated bending.
By placing the heater coil and element wire at the same or deeper depth, this ceramic heater avoids terminal-hole cool spots and crack-inducing stress.
An embedded heating body with spaced extension portions prevents detachment during repeated insertion and improves heating uniformity in aerosol substrates.
A bent side-contact electrode layout replaces welded leads in atomizers, cutting contact resistance and simplifying assembly.
Voltage-based junction temperature estimation corrects LED drive current to prevent thermal runaway and extend heating life.