A membrane-mounted resistive heater tunes an etalon passband while thermal isolation cuts crosstalk and avoids motor complexity.
Tapered antenna units and phase compensation groups cut chip-edge reflection and preserve phase distribution for optical phased array LiDAR.
Parallel waveguides of different widths extend absorption length without added capacitance, improving polarization-diverse photodetector speed and signal quality.
Laterally shifted contacts and a vertical germanium active area raise photodiode frequency while keeping light confined for faster optical conversion.
A curved photodetector interface cuts defect-prone substrate contact area, lowering dark current and noise while preserving waveguide-coupled absorption.