See how long-chain phosphoric acid esters replace ammonium stearate to prevent surface blooming
Binary metal substitution and halide tuning improve sodium-ion cathode conductivity, capacity, and cycle life while lowering vanadium cost.
Phosphorus oxides or phosphate lithium salts replace silicon-based routes, boosting lithium difluorophosphate yield through solvent removal and sealed reaction.
Aluminum and fluorine substitution lowers vanadium use while improving conductivity, rate capability, and cycle stability in sodium-ion cathodes.
A hydrocarbon-solvent route with partial solvent removal boosts lithium difluorophosphate yield and purity for lithium-ion electrolyte use.
A carbon packed bed followed by a condensation accelerator bed enables stable, high-purity liquid phosphorus production at lower energy.
A rotary kiln adapts the Hard process to recover over 80% phosphorus from sewage sludge by tuning reactant ratios, temperature, and residence time to limit iron interference.
A vapor recycle stream and quench-based reactor process raises P4O6 yield and purity while recovering byproducts for phosphoric acid production.
An economizer links phosphorus burning and hydration towers to recover heat together and generate medium-high-pressure steam.
Replacing ammonium hydrogen fluoride with hydrogen fluoride eliminates ammonia impurities, enabling high crystallinity and acid resistance in fluoroapatite.