Impermeable anodes and secured cathodes create a tortuous flow path that prevents clogging, supports continuous operation, and evens metal deposition.
Ionic liquids plus polar protic solvents enable low-temperature electrorecovery of rare earth elements with higher purity and fewer hazardous byproducts.
Multiple edge contacts in a spiral brine-permeable cartridge even out charge and lithium uptake, improving recovery and limiting corrosion.
Sequential low-flow acid, nitrate, and oxidant irrigation transforms chalcopyrite heaps to boost copper recovery with lower water use and NOx emissions.
Multiple edge contacts in a spiral brine filter cartridge even out current paths and lithium uptake, improving recovery capacity during extraction.
Hyperaccumulator plants and enhanced weathering turn ultramafic rock into a carbon sink while recovering nickel and cobalt from biomass.
Stacked membrane compartments cut electrode spacing and improve brine distribution, boosting lithium extraction while lowering resistance and leakage.
An electrochemical reactor with alternating silicon electrodes selectively recovers metals from acidic streams without precipitation or thermal steps.
Selective imprinted MOF adsorption removes additive decomposition products from copper electrolyte, improving foil ductility and surface smoothness.