A chemical reactor with a curved top surface directs microwave energy to heat liquid content uniformly.
Continuous alcoholysis and transesterification stabilize product quality and increase DMT yield while minimizing energy consumption.
A chemical reaction device maintains a constant liquid surface area within a cylindrical reactor, preventing efficiency loss when content levels change.
A continuous reactor separates polymer particles by size to depolymerize waste into monomer liquid.
A catalyst composition of alkane-sulphonic acid and sulphuric acid drives fatty acid esterification.
Esterifying sebacic acid by-product fatty acids yields stable polyurethane envelopes that lower costs and prevent environmental pollution.
Microbial fermentation produces poly-3-hydroxypropionate biomass, which pyrolysis converts to high-purity acrylic acid without petroleum feedstocks.
Mechanical vibration in a three-dimensional microball mill enables transesterification below 50°C, reducing energy consumption and process complexity.