Reusable standard zones with known densities replace electrode plate production, speeding surface density calibration while maintaining accuracy.
Slots or grooves in the spring casing make it the only elastic element, enabling accurate thickness-change measurement during cell cycling.
Independent pressure measuring units map battery swelling pressure accurately without plate constraints or pressure dispersion.
Parallel heat exchanger, radiator, and heater branches boost battery cooling efficiency while reducing space, power use, and maintenance cost.
Voltage and current based state estimation predicts battery heat generation and thermal runaway temperature without destructive safety testing.
Thermal insulation and sealing reduce heat loss around the battery, extending capsule endoscope operating time without increasing capsule size.
A layered PTC safety coating between the current collector and cathode improves nail-penetration safety without sacrificing cycle performance.
A carbon foil between the separator and negative electrode suppresses side reactions, lowering internal resistance for stronger low-temperature pulse discharge.
A current-limiting circuit charges supercapacitors when lithium thionyl chloride batteries sag in extreme temperatures, preserving capacity and transmission.
An oil-dispersible composite binding layer with inorganic filler helps positive electrodes resist cracking and internal resistance rise during nail penetration.
Separate battery and protective-device enclosures prevent ignition while cutting explosion-proof apparatus size and weight.
Using scrap-fed aluminum alloy melt and molten salt, this case shows DC power generation with simultaneous melt purification and reactant monitoring.
Multi-zone standard members replace slow-to-make electrode plates, speeding surface density calibration while preserving accuracy.
Separate increased-safety battery housing and flameproof protection cut enclosure size and weight while maintaining overpressure ignition prevention.
A thermal property sensor triggers a secondary gas sensor only when needed, enabling earlier battery failure detection with less contamination.
A layered positive electrode uses a solvent-stable PTC safety coating to block internal shorts during nail penetration and high-temperature abuse.
Inorganic particles with unique spectral signatures embedded in polymer binders enable electrode authentication without reducing battery capacity.