A semipermeable membrane device separates heterotrophic microorganisms from raw materials to mobilize divalent and trivalent metal ions via released organic acids.
Calcium roasting and hydrogen peroxide stripping extract molybdenum, eliminating ammonia nitrogen wastewater production.
Optimized inclusion chemistry prevents scratches and stains, ensuring high surface glossiness without compromising corrosion resistance.
Multi-stressor fields lower thermodynamic barriers to separate rare earth metals from mixed electronic waste streams.
S-layer biomass adsorbs precious metals from ore slurries, eliminating hazardous cyanide use and reducing energy consumption during gold recovery.
A magnetic cleaning paste removes metallic bead residues from turbomachine surfaces using polymer and magnetic powder.
Replacing harsh strong acids with carbonic acid reduces environmental damage while maintaining high lithium extraction efficiency and product purity.
Segmented solvent extraction circuits recover high purity rare earth oxides from coal leachates while rejecting contaminants and recycling organic phases.
Composite leaching agents decompose mixed wolframite and scheelite ore at 90-200°C, reducing reagent consumption while maintaining high tungsten recovery rates.
Non-saponification extraction using acidic and alkaline reagents separates cobalt from nickel, eliminating wastewater pollution from NaOH treatment.
Segmented leaching separates indium from arsenic in zinc residues, eliminating toxic hydrogen sulfide precipitation steps.
Thiocarbonyl reagents liberate gold from sulfide matrices under acidic conditions.