Angled side edges in refiner blade segments stabilize fibrous-material flow paths and reduce pulse-driven vibration during refining.
Varying refiner bar heights combine fiber refining and bundle breakup in one stage, reducing clogging and separate deflaking steps.
Optical imaging of reject streams measures fiber content, discharge rate, and material type to cut usable fiber loss and waste in pulp processing.
A larger first blade gap and tighter second gap let raw material enter smoothly, then shear effectively for better defibration and discharge.
Variable coating thickness protects high-wear refiner bar surfaces while preserving hydraulic capacity and lowering replacement cost.
A partitioned two-stage rotor lets larger feed enter first, then refines it between blades and liner for more complete pulverization.