An insulator layer slows beta particles before they reach the casing, cutting Bremsstrahlung radiation while enabling compact direct nuclear power.
A soft radioactive substrate and flexible semiconductor stack address miniaturization, leakage risk, and service-life limits.
Composite Ir-Mn-Al alloys resolve brittleness in gamma radiation sources by lowering density and melting points while maintaining radiation stability.
A thermal image generator divides its surface into independent heating zones to create realistic human body temperature distributions.
Tissue-piercing legs anchor the radioactive source to prevent displacement and protect healthy tissues.