An ortho-substituted amine stabilizes bromine as N-bromo amine, enabling reversible two-electron transfer and higher flow battery energy density.
An inhomogeneous weld pattern in a bipolar plate evens fuel cell current density, reducing MEA overload and extending service life.
Using selective ion permeation between high-concentration electrolytes, this laminated Donnan generator raises power density and stability without external pumping.
Slot-shaped openings in felt improve electrolyte flow, mixing, and electrode wetting while reducing shunt losses in redox flow cells.
A soluble organic catalyst shifts polysulfide reduction to a chemical pathway, lowering overpotential and improving flow battery cycling.
Laser-etched grooves and electrostatic carbon fiber flocking boost bipolar plate friction, prevent felt slip, and cut contact resistance.
An electrochemical rebalancing cell restores flow battery SOC while counteracting oxygen reactions and preserving osmotic balance.
A threshold-triggered cleansing cycle mixes positive and negative electrolytes to rebalance charge and limit redox flow battery capacity loss.
A flow battery uses its electrolyte for both cooling and energy storage, cutting separate thermal hardware size and weight.
Mixing positive and negative electrolytes when capacity drops helps rebalance a redox flow battery and extend cycling without extra tanks.
A fluorinated sulfonic acid polymer balances high ion exchange capacity with low hydrogen permeability and a practical softening temperature.
Vertical stacking with nesting detents raises iron flow battery capacity while cutting shared hardware, weight, cost, and footprint.