A selected battery unit regulates DC link voltage while other units share charge and discharge power despite load swings and power limits.
Alternating capacitor charge-discharge between two rechargeable batteries extends load runtime while reducing battery size, weight, and count.
Output voltage and current are adjusted from the detected number of cascaded charging nodes to improve multi-pack charging efficiency and control.
A BMS-controlled battery interface disconnects idle utility vehicle loads to prevent parasitic over-discharge and lithium battery instability.
A BMS monitors battery voltage and connection state to block inter-battery charging and current surges in multi-battery equipment.
A BMS isolates a utility vehicle lithium battery during sleep, faults, and timeouts to block parasitic discharge and instability.
Modular cell units with integrated switches and commutation bypass faulty cells, easing assembly and mixing new and original cells.
Selective regulator enable lines let a battery-powered tool cut idle sub-circuit draw below 7 micro-amps and protect lithium-ion packs.
Automatic sleep and wake-up isolation disconnects utility vehicle loads to prevent lithium battery over-discharge and instability.
Independent regulators and trim control balance separate HESM bus rails to prevent voltage drift, overcharge, and power quality issues.
Real-time cell monitoring adjusts pack and cell charge-discharge limits to prevent weak-cell overcharge, capacity loss, and safety failures.
PWM half-ON control and voltage-difference thresholds suppress reverse current between main and sub batteries without larger control circuits.
Alternating two battery packs through a switching controller avoids parallel voltage imbalance, cutting wasted power and extending battery life.
Semiconductor switching modules manage bi-directional current flow to balance usage and improve charge retention in parallel battery packs.
Segmenting a battery string with coupling units allows dynamic selection of modules by state of charge, resolving current distribution conflicts.