A two-component aqueous phosphate slurry replaces Cr(VI) binders to form stable, thicker diffusion coatings with safer, faster application.
Bottom-up molybdenum silicide and molybdenum deposition enables void-free, low-resistance fill in recessed semiconductor features.
Cyclic alcohol activation removes the passive oxide barrier during nitriding or nitrocarburizing without toxic gases, deposits, or equipment wear.
A zirconium-, titanium-, or molybdate-based conversion coating replaces hexavalent chromate while protecting zinc-nickel plated substrates.
Pyrolysis products from nitrogen-carbon reagent coatings activate passivated stainless steel in air, enabling low-temperature case hardening on complex shapes.
An aqueous oxidizing mix forms adherent deep-black magnetite on ferrous metals at lower temperatures, avoiding toxic compounds and boilover hazards.
Targets carburized carbon mass to calculate boost and diffusion pulse time, improving carbon concentration control and reducing energy use.
A bainite-martensite heat treatment stabilizes residual austenite to keep hardness while reducing quenching cracks and brittle fracture.
Boriding the slip bearing surface forms a metallurgical bond that boosts hardness and corrosion resistance in HPHT downhole tools.
This case shows how oxidants and hydrogen radicals increase grain size and reduce contaminants in conductive metal structures.