Magnetic field sensing on a compressor power cable identifies standstill, idling, load run, and drive speed without invasive installation.
Frequency-selective two-stage compensation cuts residual leakage in transformerless converters without direct protective-conductor sensing.
Vibration spectrum thresholding extracts mechanical speed components to keep electric machine speed estimation accurate despite wear, load, and temperature changes.
Interpolated DFT phasors improve power-system frequency estimation during rapid deviations, supporting accurate fault handling and ROCOF protection.
Pulse-response modeling replaces slow multipoint AC impedance tests, enabling faster and more reproducible battery pass/fail inspection.