Transparent or translucent tonneau panels add cargo-box visibility while integrated rails improve water drainage and accessory mounting.
Non-linear hollow chamber walls are straightened during forming to make larger vehicle structural components on existing extrusion equipment.
Controlled burring wall curvature, height, and end-face roughness reduce stress concentration and fatigue crack formation in high-strength steel parts.
A non-linear outer wall is straightened during forming to expand hollow-profile cross-sections and make larger vehicle structural components.
A Mn/Fe-controlled cast aluminum alloy delivers required strength without heat treatment, cutting energy use, emissions, and part deformation.
Distributed conductive channels locally heat an LCE ribbon and nanowire film, enabling low-voltage bidirectional crawling through narrow gaps.