A (111)-oriented thin-film electrode sharpens stripping peaks to improve heavy metal sensitivity, selectivity, and cost in water analysis.
Sequential analysis of TOC, TN, and TP in one vessel reduces sample consumption while maintaining measurement precision through integrated UV oxidation.
Siloxane solvents replace hazardous halogenated compounds to extract hydrocarbons for accurate contaminant quantification.
Optimized pH buffers and strong oxidants convert organic carbon to carbon dioxide while preventing humic acid precipitation that masks carbonate results.