Solution-processed metal oxides, bronzes, and polyoxometalates enable transparent charge storage below 150°C for flexible electrochromic films.
Controlled optical or electron-beam illumination turns amorphous TiO2 into anatase, rutile, or mixed phases at room temperature.
Binding fine ilmenite into porous pellets enables lower-energy reduction and leaching to make synthetic rutile suitable for fluidized bed chlorination.
Low-temperature metal oxide charge-storage materials support transparent, flexible electrochromic devices without high-temperature processing.