Hydraulic arc-plate displacement applies controlled pre-compression to shaft wall concrete, improving compactness and preventing water-conducting cracks.
See how prestressed bolts, zoned grouting, and expansion agents stabilize cataclastic rock in high-stress tunnels.
A shield method uses cylindrical frames and sealing members to seal the shaft entrance during tunnel excavation.
An elastic restoring element pushes an engaging pin into a recess on the base, locking it in a lateral position to prevent unwanted movement.
A shield construction method monitors settlement parameters to predict deformation proportions and adjust operational settings in real time.
Adjacent disk drills rotate in opposite directions to cancel torque, preventing soil collapse and rupture in brittle coral reef formations.