Optimized binder phase thickness and specific coating layers enhance tool adhesiveness, extending service life during hardened steel cutting operations.
Dispersing fine Al2O3 grains in the binder phase improves fracturing resistance and extends tool life for high hardness steel machining.
A TiCN layer with specific plane spacing improves wear and chipping resistance during cast iron cutting.
Bimodal micropores in the interface layer absorb thermal shocks, preventing chipping while maintaining wear resistance.