A biocompatible hydrogel bladder expands to store urine while a wrinkled strain sensor changes resistance to detect volume.
Concave base and cap design prevents urine reflux by ensuring physiological flow, avoiding kidney damage or infection.
A deformable partition wall enables wireless urine fullness sensing via passive RFID technology in an implantable artificial bladder system.
An orthotopic artificial bladder prosthesis uses hollow elements to create an interference fit for ureter connection without sutures.
A flexible ureteral stent uses a multi-material design and internal valve to guide urine flow.