A layered VO2 and dielectric coating cuts solar absorption while switching mid-infrared emissivity for passive radiative cooling.
Portioned calcium hydroxide addition at pH 6-7 precipitates molybdenum before vanadium, enabling vanadium chemicals below 500 ppm Mo.
Alkali roasting and selective precipitation isolate vanadium pentoxide from refractory gasifier slag, overcoming low purity caused by silica interference.
Dissolving lithium atoms in a copper vanadium composite oxide improves negative thermal expansion while maintaining low raw material costs and water resistance.