Exhaust gas recirculation creates a parallel-flow firing zone that lowers calcination temperature while preserving high-CO2 off-gas and quicklime reactivity.
Electric heat retention keeps melt temperature without burner CO2 or suction removal, cutting emissions and energy use in metal melting.
A regenerative shaft furnace recycles CO2 with concentrated oxygen, raising effluent concentration from 20–27% to at least 35% for capture.
A shaft kiln circulates heated CO2 as a heat transfer medium to decompose limestone, reducing emissions and energy costs.
Displaceable burning lances distribute fuel evenly to prevent local overheating and material sintering in annular shaft kilns.
Applying controlled temperature gradients across wrought metal plates to achieve distinct temper zones within a single component.
Continuous bulk density measurement in a calcination device for grain-shaped feed material reduces unexpanded granulate by adapting temperature profiles.
A thermal gradient exchange method moves metal workpieces through a static gas medium to alter temperature via natural convection.
Optimizing CaO/SiO2 and SiO2/Fe ratios in a TSL furnace enables direct smelting of high-silica, low-iron concentrates without iron fluxes.
Oxygen-enriched combustion in a multi-shaft kiln produces concentrated CO2, while a buffer system ensures continuous flow for efficient capture.
Stopping blowers during stress relieving reduces twin shaft kiln inversion time by 30 percent while eliminating noise and powder release from releasing valves.
Independent heating zones control expansion to prevent grain breakage, eliminating hygroscopic properties while maintaining mechanical strength.