A sealed metal waveguide encloses the PCB feed and antenna to cut terahertz transmission loss and support 2D left-right beam control.
A waveguide radiator and spaced feeding network simplify high-frequency antenna fabrication while reducing material use and structural complexity.
Laser-assisted etching forms small glass-core vias and narrow transitions, expanding wideband antenna bandwidth and parallel channel capacity.
Metal plates placed closer to a glass housing than the antenna reflect radio waves away from dielectric loss and help preserve radiation gain.
Symmetric waveguide branching and impedance transformers improve directivity, cut side lobes, and avoid costly galvanic assembly.
A stacked waveguide antenna uses overlapping bidirectional fields of view to cut radar blind spots while keeping size and signal loss low.
Mechanical layer-to-layer fasteners replace soldering in multi-layer air waveguide antennas, cutting cost and avoiding thermal damage.
A dummy element at the substrate intersection reduces element variation, improving antenna directivity and compactness.