Dynamic center-frequency shifting closes DWDM flex-grid spectrum gaps, increasing channel capacity without service-disrupting shutdowns.
An auxiliary graph links route, frequency, and transmission mode selection to avoid suboptimal optical path design in multi-mode networks.
Subcarrier-by-subcarrier dispersion and delay compensation cuts equalization circuit scale and power in long-distance coherent optical reception.
Redundant wavelength selectors take over when a primary switch develops an abnormality, preserving stable transmission and continuous optical operation.