Internal memory within the hydraulic braking device stores real-time parameters, resolving measurement precision versus system complexity trade-offs.
Millimeter wave encoder structures determine torque via reflected signals, eliminating friction and abrasion to extend sensor lifetime.
A steering system estimates torsion bar torque using a Kalman filter to detect driver hands without extra sensors.
Conductive spiral on bevel gear changes resistance under torque deformation to drive antenna frequency.
Segmenting the torque transmission shaft from the hollow substrate prevents heat treatment stress and magnetic interference from degrading film sensitivity.
Segmented sensor units measure X, Y, Z forces without mutual interference to determine optimal drilling parameters.
Circumferential serrations on the rotor yoke increase frictional coupling with the jig, enabling precise torque center alignment without slipping.
Resin flow passages in the holder guide injection material away from the magnetic shield, preventing deformation that compromises torsion angle accuracy.