Segmented interior channels stabilize vortex flow and reduce aerodynamic losses without increasing tower height.
Inverting horizontal-axis turbines to vertical configurations reduces noise and foundation loads, enabling safe urban installation.
Diverting water into a separate power channel with enhanced slopes increases flow velocity for turbine arrays while maintaining original conveyance levels.
Rectangular spiral cavities constrain height relative to boundary layer thickness, balancing manufacturing ease with fluid efficiency.
Segmented porous electrode support prevents electrochemical material detachment and side reactions, extending operational lifespan.