2D Chromatography Solvent Exchange for Orthogonal Lipid Separation
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing two-dimensional chromatography systems face limitations in peak capacity, sensitivity, and solvent compatibility due to interference and band dispersion between dimensions, particularly in the analysis of complex mixtures like the lipidome, where structural similarity and diversity of lipids pose challenges for effective separation and identification.
Innovation Solution
A two-dimensional chromatography system utilizing orthogonal separation techniques, such as supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) in one dimension and high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) in the other, with a series of valves and fraction capturing devices to enhance peak capacity and resolve complex mixtures, allowing for thorough lipid analysis.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Productivity
If two-dimensional chromatography systems are used to increase peak capacity, then separation capability is improved, but solvent compatibility and sensitivity deteriorate due to interference and band dispersion between dimensions
Solution Approach 1:
A solvent exchange column is introduced as an intermediary component between the first and second separation columns. This column performs solvent exchange to make the mobile phase from the first dimension compatible with the second dimension, thereby resolving the solvent compatibility issue while maintaining the benefits of two-dimensional separation
Solution Approach 2:
The chromatography system is divided into distinct functional segments: first separation column, solvent exchange column, and second separation column. This segmentation allows each component to perform its specific function independently, managing the complexity of solvent compatibility while achieving high peak capacity
2Productivity
If two-dimensional chromatography systems are used to increase peak capacity, then separation capability is improved, but sensitivity deteriorates due to band dispersion between dimensions
Solution Approach 1:
The solvent exchange column acts as a mediator that not only exchanges solvents but also refocuses bands between the two separation dimensions, reducing band dispersion and maintaining sensitivity while achieving high peak capacity
Solution Approach 2:
Solvent exchange and band refocusing are performed preliminarily in the solvent exchange column before the sample enters the second separation column, preventing band dispersion from occurring in the second dimension and maintaining measurement precision
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The system doubles peak capacity and improves the separation and identification of lipid compounds by leveraging orthogonal separation mechanisms, effectively resolving lipid classes and isomers in a single analytical run.
Implementation Method 1
a first switching valve associated with a first chromatographic separation system including supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC). In this configuration, the second switching valve may be associated with a second chromatographic separation system including high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC)
Implementation Method 2
The at least one fraction capturing device may include a cartridge, e.g., a solid-phase extraction cartridge, or one or more columns that may include a medium for supporting the one or more heartcuts
Implementation Method 3
The input/output valve may be configured to direct one or more mobile phases to the first switching valve
Data Source
AI summary
Systems for performing two-dimensional chromatography are disclosed. The system includes a first switching valve fluidly coupled to a first separation column. The system includes a second switching valve coupled to a second separation column. The second switching valve is fluidly coupled to the first switching valve. The system includes an input/output valve in fluid communication with the first switching valve and the second switching valve that is configured to direct one or more mobile phases to the first switching valve. The system includes a sampling valve fluidly coupled to the first switching valve that includes at least one fraction capturing device. Methods of separating compounds using the systems are disclosed. Methods of retrofitting existing two-dimensional chromatography systems are also disclosed.