2D Material Supercapacitors With Interleaved Laminations
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current energy storage technologies, such as batteries, are inadequate for Internet of Things (IoT) devices that require extended operation times due to their limited energy storage density, leading to larger device sizes and insufficient energy capacity when powered by intermittent renewable energy sources.
Innovation Solution
The development of supercapacitor devices utilizing interleaved laminations of electrically conductive 2D material electrodes, like graphene, and dielectric layers, such as Hafnium Oxide, to create a compact energy storage solution with high energy stored to volume ratio, enabling efficient energy harvesting and storage in IoT devices.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Quantity of substance
If battery technology is used for energy storage, then energy capacity is sufficient, but device size becomes large and energy storage density is limited
Solution Approach 1:
The patent transitions from conventional planar capacitor structures to a three-dimensional stacked configuration with multiple alternating layers of conductive 2D materials and dielectric materials. This vertical stacking enables high energy storage density within a compact volume by utilizing the third dimension, achieving both high capacitance and small form factor simultaneously
Solution Approach 2:
The invention employs composite structures consisting of alternating layers of conductive 2D materials (such as graphene) and dielectric materials. This composite approach combines the high electrical conductivity of 2D materials with the high dielectric constant of insulating materials, creating a capacitor structure with superior energy storage density compared to single-material systems
2Volume of stationary object
If conventional capacitor structures are used, then device size is small, but energy storage capacity is insufficient for extended IoT operation
Solution Approach 1:
By stacking multiple capacitor layers vertically in the third dimension, the patent achieves high energy storage capacity within a minimal footprint. The stacked configuration allows numerous capacitor units to be integrated in a compact volume, providing sufficient energy storage for extended IoT device operation without increasing device size
Solution Approach 2:
The capacitor is divided into multiple discrete stacked layers, each contributing to the total energy storage capacity. This segmentation allows the energy storage system to be scaled by increasing the number of layers, enabling flexible design to meet specific energy requirements while maintaining compact dimensions
3Use of energy by moving object
If renewable energy sources are used, then sustainability is improved, but energy supply becomes highly intermittent requiring larger storage
Solution Approach 1:
The alternating layer structure of conductive 2D materials and high-dielectric-constant insulating materials creates a compact capacitor with high energy storage density. This composite structure enables sufficient energy storage capacity to bridge intermittent renewable energy supply gaps without requiring large device volume, making it ideal for sustainable IoT power systems
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The proposed solution provides a compact energy storage device with high capacitance, allowing IoT devices to operate for extended periods without the need for frequent recharging, as the supercapacitor has virtually no internal resistance and can be charged quickly by renewable energy sources, significantly reducing device thickness compared to traditional batteries.
Implementation Method 1
capacitor devices including 2D material electrodes
Implementation Method 2
electrically conductive 2D material electrode layers, for example graphene
Data Source
AI summary
Devices and methods are described relating to capacitor energy storage devices that are small in size and have a high energy stored to volume ratio. The capacitor devices include 2D material electrodes. The capacitor devices offer very fine granularity with high stacking possibilities which may be used in super capacitors and capacitor arrays. The devices include interleaved laminations 2D material electrode layers, for example graphene, and dielectric layers, for example Hafnium Oxide. In an embodiment a capacitor device includes 10,000 layers of interleaved graphene separated by 9,999 layers of HfO. Odd layers of the graphene are electrically connected to a first terminal and even layers of graphene are electrically connected to a second terminal of the capacitor device.