3D Fluoroscopic Navigation for Complex Medical Geometry
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Solution Overview
Problem
Medical procedures often require navigating complex body geometries using medical devices like needles, which are challenging due to the lack of access to CT scanning equipment in remote locations, leading to radiation exposure and misdirection of devices in tortuous paths, especially in areas with complex anatomy like the spine.
Innovation Solution
An imaging system using a reference marker, medical device with comparison markers, and an imaging array to construct a three-dimensional model from two-dimensional X-ray images, allowing navigation and reduced radiation exposure, and a reinforced medical device to avoid misdirection.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If CT scanning equipment is used to create a 3D model of the operational area, then the completeness and accuracy of the geometric model is improved, but the cost and resource requirements increase significantly
Solution Approach 1:
The patent creates a 3D geometric model by copying and reconstructing anatomy from multiple 2D fluoroscopic images. Instead of using complex CT scanning equipment, the system captures 2D X-ray images at different angles and uses computer processing to generate a 3D model that can be used for procedural planning and guidance, thereby achieving accurate geometric representation with simpler, more widely available equipment.
2Loss of information
If CT scans are used to obtain complete images of the operational area, then the imaging completeness is improved, but the radiation exposure to the patient increases substantially
Solution Approach 1:
The patent uses a limited number of 2D fluoroscopic images taken at specific angles to construct a 3D model, rather than acquiring hundreds or thousands of images as in a full CT scan. This partial action approach provides sufficient geometric information for procedural guidance while significantly reducing the cumulative radiation dose to the patient.
Solution Approach 2:
The system performs preliminary 3D model construction using fluoroscopic images obtained before the interventional procedure begins. This preliminary action allows the medical team to plan the procedure and understand the anatomy in three dimensions without exposing the patient to extensive radiation during the actual treatment, thereby reducing overall radiation exposure.
3Measurement precision
If continuous fluoroscopy is used during the procedure to track device position, then the real-time positioning accuracy is improved, but the radiation exposure increases excessively
Solution Approach 1:
Instead of continuous fluoroscopic imaging, the system uses periodic or intermittent imaging to capture device position at key moments during the procedure. The pre-constructed 3D model is then used to track and visualize device navigation between imaging moments, providing adequate positioning information while minimizing radiation exposure through reduced imaging frequency.
4Ease of operation
If small-caliber flexible cannulas are used to navigate tortuous geometry, then the ease of navigation is improved, but the device stability and direction control deteriorate
Solution Approach 1:
The patent integrates real-time or near-real-time device position feedback into the 3D model display system. By tracking the device location and presenting it within the context of the pre-acquired 3D anatomical model, the system provides continuous feedback to the operator about device position and orientation. This feedback mechanism enhances direction control and navigation reliability without requiring a stiffer, less flexible device.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enables three-dimensional modeling without on-site CT scanning, reducing radiation exposure and ensuring accurate device positioning in complex geometries, facilitating procedures in remote locations.
Implementation Method 1
at least two two-dimensional X-ray images of the operational area are obtained
Data Source
AI summary
In one embodiment, an imaging system is provided including a reference marker, a medical device, an imaging array, a computer system, and a display system. The reference marker is fixed in a position within the operational area. The medical device is moveable within the operational area and includes a comparison marker. The imaging array observes the position of the reference marker and a position of the comparison marker. The imaging array comprises at least two cameras. The computer system constructs a three-dimensional model of the operational area and defines the position of the reference marker within the operational area using at least two two-dimensional images of the operational area. The display system is in communication with the imaging array and the computer system. The display system creates a display of the three-dimensional model of the operational area and a position of the medical device within the operational area.