3D Image Registration with X-ray Imaging
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Solution Overview
Problem
Physicians face difficulties in orienting medical devices in three-dimensional settings using single-plane X-ray image projections during interventional medical procedures, necessitating enhanced visualization of three-dimensional tissue surfaces and medical device orientation.
Innovation Solution
A method for registering three-dimensional pre-operative image data with an X-ray imaging system by identifying extreme points, projecting contour points onto section-planes, and using a cost function to select the optimal section-plane and grid points for defining a translation matrix, allowing for accurate overlay of three-dimensional images onto X-ray projections.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Ease of operation
If a single-plane X-ray image projection is used for displaying medical device orientation, then the device complexity is reduced and ease of operation is improved, but the measurement precision and visualization accuracy of three-dimensional tissue surfaces and device orientation deteriorate
Solution Approach 1:
The patent transforms two-dimensional X-ray image data into three-dimensional visual representations by performing tomographic reconstruction to generate cross-sectional images and surface renderings. This dimensional transformation allows physicians to visualize three-dimensional anatomical structures and medical device orientations while maintaining ease of operation through automated processing algorithms.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent creates virtual three-dimensional copies of anatomical structures and medical devices from two-dimensional X-ray projections. By generating synthetic three-dimensional models that replicate the actual anatomical geometry and device positions, the system provides enhanced visualization without requiring additional physical imaging equipment or complex manual measurements.
2Measurement precision
If three-dimensional image data registration is implemented to enhance visualization of tissue surfaces and device orientation, then measurement precision and visualization accuracy are improved, but the device complexity and computational requirements increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent divides the three-dimensional image data into multiple cross-sectional planes or slices for processing and registration. By segmenting the volumetric data into manageable two-dimensional sections, the system can perform accurate registration and visualization while reducing computational complexity compared to processing the entire three-dimensional volume simultaneously.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent performs preliminary registration and alignment of three-dimensional image data with the X-ray coordinate system before final visualization. By pre-processing the image data to establish accurate spatial relationships and coordinate transformations in advance, the system reduces computational requirements during real-time surgical navigation and improves overall processing efficiency.
Data Source
AI summary
A method for determining a transformation of a three-dimensional pre-operative image data set to obtain a registration of the three-dimensional image data with an X-ray imaging system. In one aspect of the present invention, the method comprises the steps of the user identifying a center point and extreme contour points of the object from an X-ray image, obtaining a set of contour points for the image object in each of a plurality of section-planes, and selecting from a sampling of section-planes the points projecting nearest to the user-identified extreme points. The method then defines a grid having a predetermined number of intervals at a predetermined interval spacing with the grid center at the user-identified center of the pre-operative image, and performs a projection of the center point of the three-dimensional image data set onto each grid point for evaluation and selection of the grid point projecting nearest to the user-identified center. Registration of a three dimensional image data will allow, among other things, overlay of a visual representation of a pre-operative image object onto an X-ray image plane that can serve as a visual tool and a surgical navigation aid.