3D Surface Machining Path Planning for Unknown Components

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing methods for robot-assisted machining of unknown component surfaces, particularly for decontaminating radioactively contaminated components, face challenges such as time-consuming path planning to avoid collisions and inefficiencies in manual or chemical treatments, which are hazardous and environmentally harmful.

Innovation Solution

A method involving three-dimensional scanning to create a virtual representation of the component's geometry, allowing for the planning of a collision-free and efficient virtual trajectory for the machining tool, which is then executed autonomously without user intervention.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If autonomous path planning is performed to avoid collisions on unknown component surfaces, then reliability of surface treatment is improved, but processing time increases significantly

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvereliability of surface treatmentVSAvoidprocessing time
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The system performs preliminary three-dimensional scanning to create a complete geometric model of the component surface before machining begins. This advance knowledge of the surface geometry allows the path planning algorithm to pre-calculate optimal tool trajectories that avoid collisions, eliminating the need for time-consuming real-time adjustments during actual machining operations.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The invention creates a digital copy or virtual model of the component's surface geometry through 3D scanning. This virtual representation is then used for simulation and path planning, allowing the system to test and optimize tool paths in a virtual environment before executing them on the actual component, thereby reducing real-world processing time while maintaining reliability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #26Copying

2Adaptability or versatility

If manual surface treatment is performed by personnel with protective gear, then flexibility in handling unknown geometries is improved, but safety risks and operational efficiency deteriorate

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveflexibility in handling unknown geometriesVSAvoidsafety risks
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The system enables the machining process to be fully autonomous, with the robot automatically adapting to unknown component geometries through real-time 3D scanning and dynamic path recalculation. The robot serves itself by independently navigating complex surfaces without human intervention, eliminating safety risks to personnel while maintaining the flexibility to handle diverse geometries.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Solution Approach 2:

The invention replaces manual mechanical operations with an automated robotic system equipped with sensors and intelligent control. The robot uses 3D scanning data to automatically adjust its tool paths and avoid collisions, substituting human operators with an autonomous system that provides both safety and adaptability to unknown geometries.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

3Ease of operation

If chemical baths are used for decontamination, then ease of operation is improved, but harmful environmental effects and health risks increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveease of operationVSAvoidenvironmental harm
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The invention replaces chemical decontamination methods with mechanical removal using a robotic tool that physically removes contaminants through controlled machining or abrasion. This mechanical approach eliminates the need for harmful chemicals while maintaining ease of operation through automated control, and prevents environmental contamination from chemical waste.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

4Productivity

If sandblasting is used for surface treatment, then productivity is improved, but harmful waste generation increases requiring proper disposal

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveproductivityVSAvoidcontaminated blasting medium
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The system extracts and removes only the necessary surface material or contaminants through precise robotic machining, rather than using sandblasting that generates large amounts of contaminated media. This selective removal approach maintains productivity by directly achieving the desired surface treatment while minimizing waste generation, eliminating the need for disposal of contaminated blasting material.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Enables reliable, efficient, and autonomous surface processing of components with unknown geometries, reducing time and risk, while avoiding collisions and environmental harm.

Implementation Method 1

One known method is water jet treatment for decontamination, in which the surface is subjected to a high-pressure water jet, cleaning and/or removing contaminants.

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectHigh-pressure water jet: Jet Erosion

Implementation Method 2

In particular, but not exclusively, the tool can be a waterjet tool or a laser ablation tool, with these tools being particularly suitable for forming or separating the surface.

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectLaser ablation: Laser Ablation

Data Source

PatentEP4674577A1Method and system for machining the surface of a component
Publication Date: 2026.01.07 FRAUNHOFER GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FORDERUNG DER ANGEWANDTEN FORSCHUNG EV
  • EP4674577A1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP4674577A1 patent drawingFigure 3~4
  • EP4674577A1 patent drawingFigure 5~7

AI summary

The invention relates to a method and a system (1) for machining the surface of a component (2), comprising the steps: a. three-dimensional acquisition of a geometry of the component (2), b. providing a virtual environment in which at least one positioning device (8, 16) for a tool (9) for machining the surface or for the component (2), the tool (9) and the component (2) are represented in virtual form, c. planning at least one virtual trajectory (11) of the tool (9) relative to the component (2) in the virtual environment, d. transmitting information about the virtual trajectory (11) to a control device (13) of the at least one positioning device (8, 16), e. controlling the at least one positioning device (8, 16) according to the information about the virtual trajectory (11) for machining the surface of the component (2).