3D Memory Barrier Films Block Fluorine Diffusion

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Solution Overview

Problem

Fluorine diffusion between word lines and insulating layers in three-dimensional memory devices can lead to reliability issues, such as void formation and electrical shorts, due to the adverse impact on the insulating layers and material migration.

Innovation Solution

A method involving the use of a barrier layer stack, specifically a combination of a polycrystalline titanium nitride (TiN) layer and a tungsten layer, where the TiN layer is oxidized to form an amorphous titanium oxide or oxynitride layer, effectively blocking fluorine diffusion and enhancing the structural integrity of the memory device.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If fluorine-containing materials are used in word lines, then electrical conductivity is improved, but fluorine diffusion causes void formation and electrical shorts in insulating layers

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedevice reliabilityVSAvoidfluorine diffusion
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

A titanium nitride barrier layer is introduced as an intermediary between the fluorine-containing word line material and the insulating layers. This barrier layer effectively blocks fluorine diffusion while allowing the device to maintain electrical conductivity and structural integrity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent uses a composite structure combining titanium nitride barrier layer with fluorine-containing conductive material (such as tungsten deposited from WF6). This composite approach allows the device to benefit from both the fluorine-containing material's electrical properties and the titanium nitride's diffusion-blocking properties.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

2Reliability

If barrier layers are added to block fluorine diffusion, then reliability is improved, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedevice reliabilityVSAvoidlayer structure complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent optimizes the thickness of the titanium nitride barrier layer to a specific range (1-10 nm) to achieve effective fluorine blocking while minimizing the increase in device complexity. By carefully controlling this parameter, the barrier function is achieved with minimal additional structural complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution significantly reduces fluorine diffusion, minimizes damage to adjacent layers, and improves the electrical conductivity and structural stability of the memory device, leading to enhanced reliability and performance.

Implementation Method 1

the TiN layer is oxidized to form an amorphous titanium oxide or oxynitride layer

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectOxidation: Oxidation

Implementation Method 2

effectively blocking fluorine diffusion

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDiffusion barrier: Diffusion Barrier

Data Source

PatentEP3420577B1Method of making three dimensional memory device containing multilayer wordline barrier films
Publication Date: 2021.08.04 SANDISK TECHNOLOGIES LLC
  • EP3420577B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3420577B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3420577B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

Memory stack structures are formed through an alternating stack of insulating layers and sacrificial material layers. Backside recesses are formed by removal of the sacrificial material layers selective to the insulating layers and the memory stack structures. A barrier layer stack including a crystalline electrically conductive barrier layer and an amorphous barrier layer is formed in the backside recesses prior to formation of a metal fill material layer.