3D Model Slicing for Additive Manufacturing

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Solution Overview

Problem

Combining complex 3D models for additive manufacturing is error-prone and time-consuming due to numerical errors from varying triangle sizes and angles, especially when performing Boolean operations like joining, which can result in non-water-tight models unsuitable for 3D printing.

Innovation Solution

The method involves slicing 3D models into 2D slices and performing Boolean operations on a per-slice basis, converting 3D Boolean operations into 2D operations, allowing for robust computations, parallelization, and earlier detection of defective input files by ensuring each slice is water-tight before combining.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Adaptability or versatility

If Boolean operations are performed on complex 3D models with varying triangle sizes and angles, then the models can be combined to create complex objects, but numerical errors occur resulting in non-water-tight models

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveability to combine complex 3D modelsVSAvoidwater-tightness of combined model
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the 3D model into multiple slices along the build direction, transforming the complex 3D Boolean operation into multiple simpler 2D Boolean operations on individual slices. Each slice is processed independently to ensure water-tightness before being combined, thereby eliminating numerical errors associated with complex 3D triangle mesh operations.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces an intermediate representation (slice data) that mediates between the input 3D models and the final combined model. By converting 3D models into 2D slice representations, the system creates a more stable intermediate form that is less susceptible to numerical errors during Boolean operations.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Adaptability or versatility

If Boolean operations are performed on 3D models, then complex objects with multiple materials can be created, but the process is time-consuming due to computational complexity

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveability to create multi-material objectsVSAvoidprocessing time for combining models
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent divides the 3D Boolean operation into multiple independent 2D Boolean operations on individual slices. This segmentation allows each slice to be processed separately and in parallel, significantly reducing the overall computational time while maintaining the ability to create complex multi-material objects.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent reduces the problem from three dimensions to two dimensions by slicing the 3D models. This dimensionality reduction simplifies the computational complexity of Boolean operations, as 2D operations are inherently faster and more computationally efficient than 3D operations, thereby reducing processing time.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

3Productivity

If traditional 3D slicing methods are used, then 3D models can be prepared for printing, but errors are detected late in the process

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvespeed of model preparationVSAvoidtiming of defect detection
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSDifficulty of detecting and measuring

Solution Approach 1:

The patent performs water-tightness verification on each 2D slice before proceeding to combine the slices into the final 3D model. This preliminary detection of defects at the slice level allows errors to be identified early in the process, preventing wasted computation on flawed models and enabling corrective action before final model generation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Data Source

PatentEP3234762B1Object data representations for additive manufacturing
Publication Date: 2023.11.08 HEWLETT PACKARD DEVELOPMENT COMPANY LP
  • EP3234762B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3234762B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3234762B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

In an example, three-dimensional (3D) models of objects are combined for additive manufacturing. Two-dimensional (2D) slices are determined for each 3D model. If the 2D slices are determined to be complete, the 2D slices are combined according to a Boolean operation to generate combined 2D slices printable by an additive manufacturing system.