3D-Printed Silicon Carbide Ceramic Components Without Joints

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing methods for producing silicon carbide ceramic components are limited by their hardness, making mechanical processing difficult, and result in complex structures with joints that can lead to material non-uniformity and geometric complexity constraints, along with high production costs and difficulties in achieving isotropic properties.

Innovation Solution

A 3D printing method is used to create a green body composed of a powdered composition with a specific grain size and binder, which is then carbonized and infiltrated with liquid silicon using capillary forces to produce an isotropic ceramic component with high geometric complexity and uniformity, eliminating the need for joints.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Shape

If conventional compression and infiltration methods are used to produce silicon carbide ceramic, then the material achieves high hardness and wear resistance, but the production of complex structures requires joining individual parts which creates joints and material non-uniformity

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvegeometric complexityVSAvoidmaterial uniformity
Core Design Contradiction:
ShapeVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The invention segments the production process into 3D printing of green body, carbonization, and silicon infiltration steps, allowing complex geometries to be built layer-by-layer without mechanical joining, thus eliminating joints while maintaining material uniformity throughout the component

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The invention changes the physical state parameters through controlled carbonization (heating to convert organic binder to carbon) and silicon infiltration (heating above silicon melting point), transforming the green body into a dense SiC ceramic with uniform microstructure throughout, eliminating the non-uniformity caused by conventional joining methods

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Ease of manufacture

If silicon infiltration is performed using conventional methods, then the carbonized green body is infiltrated with silicon, but the process requires complex equipment and multiple steps

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveproduction simplicityVSAvoidinfiltration equipment
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The invention employs capillary forces to drive silicon infiltration automatically without external pressure equipment. The porous carbonized green body structure itself serves as the infiltration pathway, allowing liquid silicon to penetrate spontaneously through capillary action, eliminating the need for complex pressure vessels or pumping systems

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Solution Approach 2:

The invention replaces mechanical pressure systems with capillary forces (surface tension effects) to achieve silicon infiltration. Instead of using hydraulic presses or gas pressure equipment, the process relies on the natural capillary attraction between liquid silicon and the porous carbon structure, dramatically simplifying the equipment requirements

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

3Stability of the object's composition

If green body is produced by conventional molding, then the component can be carbonized and siliconized, but achieving isotropic properties and eliminating joints is difficult

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveisotropic propertiesVSAvoidproduction process
Core Design Contradiction:
Stability of the object's compositionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The invention transitions from conventional 2D layer compression to 3D digital printing, building the green body layer-by-layer with precise material placement in three dimensions. This additive approach ensures uniform density and isotropic properties throughout the component, eliminating the anisotropy and joints inherent in conventional multi-part assembly methods

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The method enables the production of ceramic components with improved mechanical and chemical stability, thermal shock resistance, and reduced density, allowing for complex shapes and enhanced wear resistance, while being cost-effective and easy to produce.

Implementation Method 1

the green body, while above the melting temperature of silicon and substantially above the surface of a silicon bath, becomes saturated with silicon by means of capillary forces

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCapillary forces: Capillary Action

Data Source

PatentUS11795112B23-D printing of a ceramic component
Publication Date: 2023.10.24 BREMBO SGL CARBON CERAMIC BRAKES GMBH

AI summary

A method for producing the component, and to the use of the component. The method for producing a three-dimensional, ceramic component containing silicon carbide, by a) providing a powdery composition having a grain size (d50) between 3 microns and 500 microns and comprising at least 50 wt % of coke, b) providing a liquid binder, c) depositing a layer of the material provided in a) in a planar manner and locally depositing drops of the material provided in b) onto said layer and repeating step c), the local depositing of the drops in the subsequent repetitions of the step is adapted in accordance with the desired shape of the component to be produced, d) at least partially curing or drying the binder and obtaining a green body having the desired shape of the component, e) carbonising the green body, and f) siliconising the carbonised green body by infiltration with liquid silicon.