3D Printing Contour Scans for Multi-Beam Alignment Uncertainty

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Solution Overview

Problem

Three-dimensional printing systems using multiple energy beams face challenges in transitioning between beams at boundaries or contours, leading to surface roughness and subsurface defects due to lateral alignment uncertainties.

Innovation Solution

A system and method that determine and address lateral alignment uncertainties between energy beams by calibrating their alignment and adjusting the number of contour scans based on these uncertainties, ensuring that the beams impinge on a single location, thereby improving the fusion process and reducing defects.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Productivity

If multiple energy beams are used to increase productivity, then manufacturing speed is improved, but lateral alignment uncertainty between beams causes surface roughness and subsurface defects

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemanufacturing speedVSAvoidsurface quality
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The system performs preliminary calibration to determine lateral alignment uncertainty between multiple energy beams before manufacturing. Based on this pre-determined uncertainty, the system calculates and sets the optimal number of contour scans in advance, preventing surface roughness and subsurface defects before they occur during actual manufacturing.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The system uses feedback from the determined lateral alignment uncertainty to dynamically adjust the number of contour scans. The controller modifies manufacturing parameters based on the measured alignment characteristics of specific beam combinations, creating a closed-loop control system that maintains surface quality while using multiple beams for high productivity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

2Manufacturing precision

If the number of contour scans is increased to compensate for alignment uncertainty, then surface quality is improved, but manufacturing time increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesurface qualityVSAvoidmanufacturing time
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The system changes the parameter of contour scan number dynamically based on lateral alignment uncertainty. Instead of using a fixed high number of scans for all situations, the system calculates the optimal scan number as a function of measured alignment uncertainty, allowing fewer scans when alignment is good and more scans only when necessary, thus reducing overall manufacturing time while maintaining quality.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The system applies partial action by using only the necessary number of contour scans required to compensate for actual alignment uncertainty, rather than always applying excessive scans. This optimized approach applies just enough correction to achieve surface quality targets without the time penalty of over-correcting with too many scans in every case.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #16Partial or excessive action

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution enhances the surface and subsurface quality of 3D articles by accurately aligning energy beams, reducing surface roughness and subsurface defects, and improving the overall accuracy of the manufacturing process.

Implementation Method 1

Each layer of powdered material is selectively fused using an energy beam such as a laser, electron, or particle beam

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectSelective melting: Melting

Data Source

PatentEP3902666B1Three-dimensional printing system optimizing contour formation for multiple energy beams
Publication Date: 2024.02.07 LAYERWISE
  • EP3902666B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP3902666B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4
  • EP3902666B1 patent drawingFigure 5A~5B

AI summary

A system (2) for forming a three-dimensional (3D) article includes a powder dispenser (14), a fusing apparatus (16), and a controller (20). The plurality of energy beams (18) include at least a first beam and a second beam. The controller is configured to operate the powder dispenser to dispense a layer of powder (15) and to operate the fusing apparatus to selectively fuse the layer of powder. Operating the fusing apparatus includes operating the first beam to fuse a first hatch pattern (32) over a first area of the layer of powder and operate at least the second beam to fuse a contour (30) that bounds the hatch pattern. The contour is formed from N scans along the contour. N is an integer that is at least equal to one. N is determined by a lateral alignment uncertainty between at least two of the energy beams.