3D Printing Microstructures for Color and Strength

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing 3D printing technologies face challenges in producing objects with consistent color brightness and mechanical strength, as light-scattering agents used to create whiter objects can negatively impact mechanical properties and result in inconsistent sintering processes.

Innovation Solution

The method involves forming deliberate 3D microstructures by depositing a fusing agent onto powdered build material in specific micropatterns and applying fusing energy to create both fused and sintered regions within the object, enhancing light scattering for brighter colors while maintaining mechanical strength.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Illumination intensity

If light-scattering agents are added to create whiter objects, then color brightness is improved, but mechanical strength deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecolor brightnessVSAvoidmechanical strength
Core Design Contradiction:
Illumination intensityVSStrength

Solution Approach 1:

The build material layer is divided into distinct fusible regions and sintered regions through micropatterned agent deposition. This segmentation allows light-scattering agents to be concentrated in sintered regions where they improve color brightness without compromising the mechanical strength provided by fully fused regions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

Different regions of the build material are given different properties: fusible regions receive sufficient agent deposition to achieve complete fusion and high mechanical strength, while sintered regions receive reduced agent deposition to maintain partial unsintered material that scatters light effectively for brighter colors.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

2Illumination intensity

If light-scattering agents are dispersed throughout the material, then color brightness is improved, but sintering consistency deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecolor brightnessVSAvoidsintering consistency
Core Design Contradiction:
Illumination intensityVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The build material is segmented into fusible and sintered regions with distinct agent concentrations. This segmentation ensures that sintered regions have controlled, lower agent levels that maintain material integrity and consistent sintering behavior, while fusible regions have sufficient agent for complete fusion.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

Instead of uniformly dispersing light-scattering agents throughout the entire material, the invention applies partial action by limiting agent deposition to specific sintered regions. This partial deposition prevents over-saturation that would cause inconsistent sintering, while still achieving the desired color brightness in those regions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #16Partial or excessive action

3Strength

If fusing agent is deposited to fuse all areas, then mechanical strength is improved, but color vibrancy deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemechanical strengthVSAvoidcolor vibrancy
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSIllumination intensity

Solution Approach 1:

The deposition pattern is segmented into micropatterns that create alternating fusible and sintered regions. This segmentation allows the object to have both fully fused areas (providing mechanical strength) and partially sintered areas (providing light scattering for color vibrancy).

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

Different local regions are given different quality levels: fusible regions receive high agent deposition for complete fusion and strength, while sintered regions receive low agent deposition for partial sintering and enhanced color vibrancy through light scattering from unsintered material.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach results in 3D objects with improved color vibrancy and robust mechanical strength by controlling the distribution of fused and sintered regions, providing a uniform and enhanced surface appearance without compromising structural integrity.

Implementation Method 1

The fusing agent can absorb the radiation and convert it into thermal energy

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectRadiation absorption and thermal energy conversion: Absorption (EM radiation)

Implementation Method 2

The thermal energy can fuse (i.e., melt and coalesce) those areas of the powder to which the fusing agent has been applied

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermal energy: Heating

Implementation Method 3

applying fusing energy to simultaneously fuse the fusible areas

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectFusing: Melting

Implementation Method 4

sinter the sinterable areas into a microstructure

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectSintering: Sintering

Data Source

PatentEP3433084B1Forming microstructures in 3D printing
Publication Date: 2024.01.10 HEWLETT PACKARD DEVELOPMENT COMPANY LP
  • EP3433084B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP3433084B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4
  • EP3433084B1 patent drawingFigure 5

AI summary

In an example implementation, a method of printing a three-dimensional (3D) object includes, applying a layer of build powder onto a printing platform and depositing a deliberate micropattern of liquid agent onto the powder within a macropattern that defines a cross-section of a 3D object to be printed. The method includes forming a microstructure from the deliberate micropattern by applying fusing energy to the powder, the microstructure comprising fused areas and sintered areas between the fused areas.