3D Structure Annotation for Faster Multi-Modal Perception Labeling

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Solution Overview

Problem

The manual process of creating annotated training examples for machine learning perception components, particularly in multiple perception modalities, is time-consuming and costly, limiting the number of training images and affecting performance.

Innovation Solution

An annotation tool that facilitates fast and efficient annotation of perception inputs by generating 3D models from reference frames, allowing for the propagation of these models into target frames, thereby enabling quick and accurate creation of 2D and 3D annotation data.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If manual annotation process is used for creating annotated training examples, then annotation accuracy can be maintained, but time consumption and cost increase significantly

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveannotation accuracyVSAvoidtime consumption
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The system performs preliminary actions by automatically generating initial 3D models from reference frames before manual annotation is needed. These pre-generated models serve as starting points that reduce the time required for manual annotation while maintaining accuracy through subsequent refinement.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The system creates copies of 3D models from reference frames and propagates them to target frames. This copying approach allows rapid generation of annotation data across multiple frames while maintaining consistency with the source data, significantly reducing time consumption compared to manual annotation of each frame.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #26Copying

2Adaptability or versatility

If manual annotation is performed for multiple perception modalities, then comprehensive training data can be created, but the process becomes excessively time-consuming and costly

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemulti-modality coverageVSAvoidannotation efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The annotation tool implements multi-functionality by handling multiple perception modalities (2D images, 3D point clouds, depth maps) through a unified 3D model propagation framework. This universal approach enables comprehensive multi-modality annotation while maintaining high productivity through automated model generation and propagation across different data types.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

3Productivity

If 3D models are generated and propagated from reference frames, then annotation speed increases significantly, but system complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveannotation speedVSAvoidsystem complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The system introduces 3D models as intermediary representations that mediate between reference frames and target frames. These intermediaries enable rapid annotation propagation while managing complexity by providing a standardized intermediate format that simplifies the transformation process between different frames and modalities.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

4Reliability

If more training images are annotated, then perception component performance improves, but resource requirements increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveperception performanceVSAvoiddata volume
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSQuantity of substance

Solution Approach 1:

The system efficiently generates large volumes of annotated training data by copying and propagating 3D models across multiple frames and modalities. This approach enables the creation of extensive training datasets with consistent annotations, improving perception component reliability while managing resource requirements through automated generation rather than manual annotation of each individual frame.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #26Copying

Data Source

PatentEP3970068B1Structure annotation
Publication Date: 2026.01.28 FIVE AI LTD
  • EP3970068B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3970068B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3970068B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A computer-implemented method of creating one or more annotated perception inputs, the method comprising, in an annotation computer system: receiving a plurality of captured frames, each frame comprising a set of 3D structure points, in which at least a portion of a common structure component is captured; computing a reference position within at least one reference frame of the plurality of frames; generating a 3D model for the common structure component by selectively extracting 3D structure points of the at least one reference frame based on the reference position within that frame; determining an aligned model position for the 3D model within a target frame of the plurality of frames based on one or more manual alignment inputs received in respect of the target frame at a user interface whilst rendering the 3D model for manually aligning the 3D model with the common structure component in the target frame; and storing annotation data of the aligned model position in computer storage, in association with at least one perception input of the target frame for annotating the common structure component therein.