3D Object Substructures Using Halftone Threshold Matrices

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current additive manufacturing techniques face challenges in generating three-dimensional objects with specific properties such as color, transparency, glossiness, conductivity, density, and mechanical properties, as they often require complex control data and precise material distribution, which is difficult to achieve with existing halftoning techniques.

Innovation Solution

The method involves generating a three-dimensional halftone threshold matrix to determine the precise location and amount of print material application, using a substructure model with varying material distribution and halftoning techniques to produce objects with specified properties, such as open mesh-like structures for lightness and shock resistance, by converting three-dimensional object data into control data for additive manufacturing systems.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Manufacturing precision

If halftoning techniques are used to control material distribution in additive manufacturing, then material placement precision is improved, but device complexity and control data complexity increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvematerial placement precisionVSAvoidcontrol data complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the three-dimensional object into a voxel grid structure, where each voxel can be independently controlled. This segmentation allows halftoning techniques to be applied at the voxel level, enabling precise material distribution control while managing complexity through systematic grid-based processing rather than continuous coordinate control

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces a threshold value dimension to the traditional halftoning approach by comparing calculated grayscale values against thresholds to determine material placement. This additional dimensional layer (threshold comparison) transforms continuous grayscale information into discrete material placement decisions, improving precision while providing a structured method to manage control data complexity

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

2Manufacturing precision

If complex control data is generated to achieve specific object properties, then manufacturing precision is improved, but productivity decreases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveobject property accuracyVSAvoidproduction efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent performs preliminary calculations of grayscale values for each voxel based on the desired object properties and material distribution requirements before actual manufacturing. This preliminary action pre-determines the control data structure, allowing the manufacturing process to execute efficiently by simply following the pre-calculated threshold comparisons rather than performing complex real-time calculations

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the control parameter from continuous coordinate-based instructions to discrete threshold-based decisions. By converting complex property requirements into simple threshold comparisons for each voxel, the system achieves high manufacturing precision through parameter transformation that simplifies the actual manufacturing execution, thereby improving productivity

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Manufacturing precision

If material distribution is optimized for specific properties, then object quality is improved, but material usage efficiency may worsen

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveobject property qualityVSAvoidmaterial usage efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSLoss of substance

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies local quality by assigning different material distribution characteristics to different regions of the object based on local property requirements. Each voxel's grayscale value and corresponding threshold comparison enable localized material placement optimization, ensuring material is placed only where needed for specific properties rather than uniform distribution, thereby improving both quality and material efficiency

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Solution Approach 2:

The patent enables creation of porous or cellular structures through selective material placement determined by threshold comparisons. By allowing void spaces where material is not placed (below threshold), the system achieves complex internal structures that optimize mechanical properties and reduce material usage simultaneously, transforming what would be material waste into functional porous architecture

Inventive Principle:
Principle #31Porous materials

Data Source

PatentEP3251330B1Three-dimensional object substructures
Publication Date: 2021.11.24 HEWLETT PACKARD DEVELOPMENT COMPANY LP
  • EP3251330B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP3251330B1 patent drawingFigure 3
  • EP3251330B1 patent drawingFigure 4

AI summary

Methods and apparatus relating to substructures for three-dimensional objects are described. In an example, a method comprises receiving a lattice model having a consistent dimensionality and determining a substructure model representing a three- dimensional material structure, the substructure model being based on the lattice model and specifying a variable material distribution. The substructure model may be populated with halftone threshold data to provide a three-dimensional halftone threshold matrix