3D X-Ray Reconstruction with Uncertain Geometry Tracking
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional 3D X-ray imaging systems are large, expensive, and deliver high radiation doses, making them impractical for widespread use, especially in situations requiring rapid and cost-effective 3D imaging.
Innovation Solution
A portable X-ray system with a lightweight, battery-powered C-arm configuration, integrated tracking devices, and advanced reconstruction algorithms that allow for 3D image construction from flexible 2D projections, reducing mechanical complexity and cost while maintaining image quality.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If conventional CT systems are used for 3D image reconstruction, then high-quality 3D images can be obtained, but the radiation dose to the patient increases significantly
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies partial action by acquiring a limited number of 2D projection images at specific angular intervals rather than continuous rotation, and using sparsity constraints to reconstruct 3D images from this reduced dataset, thereby lowering radiation dose while maintaining diagnostic quality
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the acquisition parameters by using fewer projection views and incorporating prior knowledge through sparsity constraints in the reconstruction algorithm, allowing high-quality 3D reconstruction from reduced radiation exposure data
2Measurement precision
If conventional CT systems are used for 3D image reconstruction, then accurate 3D images can be obtained, but the system size and cost increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces complex mechanical positioning systems with computer vision-based tracking devices that optically track the positions of the X-ray source and detector, significantly reducing mechanical complexity while maintaining the ability to reconstruct 3D images from freely moved projection data
Solution Approach 2:
The tracking devices serve multiple functions: they track the positions of both the X-ray source and detector, provide geometric information for reconstruction, and enable flexible free-form imaging paths without requiring precision mechanical guidance
3Measurement precision
If conventional CT systems are used for 3D image reconstruction, then high-resolution 3D images can be obtained, but the imaging time and patient inconvenience increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent uses periodic fluoroscopic images acquired at regular intervals during free-form motion to construct the 3D volume, enabling rapid imaging that is both high-resolution and suitable for dynamic surgical environments where quick reassessment is needed
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enables fast, low-dose, and cost-effective 3D imaging suitable for various medical and surgical applications, including orthopedic surgeries and emergency situations, by providing high-resolution 3D images in a short time frame without the need for complex mechanical systems.
Implementation Method 1
X-rays are emitted from the source and impinge on the X-ray detector to provide an X-ray projection image
Implementation Method 2
The imaging systems that produce 3D images typically employ computed tomography techniques to reconstruct a 3D image from multiple 2D images
Data Source
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AI summary
X-ray devices and systems are described in this application. In particular, this application describes x- ray devices and systems that are used for three-dimensional (3D) image reconstruction with uncertain geometry. The x-ray imaging system contains an arm configured to be moved around an object to be imaged, a light weight, low power x-ray source attached to the arm, an x-ray detector configured to move complimentary to the x-ray source to capture multiple two-dimensional (2D) images in a solid angle path outside of a planar arc, 3D position and orientation tracking devices configured to capture the geometric position and orientation of the x- ray source and detector when each 2D projection image is captured, and a processor configured to construct a three dimensional (3D) image from the multiple 2D images using a reconstruction algorithm. These x-ray systems are lighter, more maneuverable, and less expensive than conventional CT x-ray systems because the geometry tracking devices combined with the processor and algorithm enable the generation of 3D images without the complex, precise, heavy, and expensive mechanical system that fixes the precise geometry of each 2D projection image to a high degree of accuracy. Other embodiments are described.