5G Base Station Uplink Delay Management

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Solution Overview

Problem

Wireless networking in high traffic density environments experiences interference and congestion, leading to message collisions, delays, and reduced throughput due to the need for backoff delays after failed transmissions.

Innovation Solution

A method where a base station manages data transmission by selecting the node with the longest accumulated delay to transmit immediately, using a CTS message to terminate backoff delays and avoid collisions, thereby optimizing channel access and reducing unnecessary delays.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Speed

If nodes transmit data messages immediately upon requesting permission, then transmission speed is improved, but message collisions increase leading to more backoff delays

Engineering Contradiction:

Improvetransmission speedVSAvoidmessage collision rate

Core Design Contradiction:

SpeedVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The base station sends a CTS (Clear to Send) message in advance to authorize specific nodes to transmit, allowing nodes to prepare for immediate transmission without waiting in backoff queues, thus improving speed while preventing collisions through pre-coordinated access

Inventive Principle:

Principle #10Preliminary action

2Reliability

If backoff delays are extended to reduce collisions, then message collision rate is reduced, but network throughput decreases due to accumulated delays

Engineering Contradiction:

Improvemessage collision rateVSAvoidnetwork throughput

Core Design Contradiction:

ReliabilityVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The base station proactively manages the transmission queue by sending CTS messages to nodes in advance based on predicted traffic patterns and channel conditions, allowing nodes to transmit immediately when authorized rather than waiting in backoff, thus maintaining low collision rates while maximizing throughput

Inventive Principle:

Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The base station monitors channel conditions and node transmission status, dynamically adjusting CTS message timing and selection to optimize the balance between collision avoidance and throughput maintenance

Inventive Principle:

Principle #23Feedback

3Reliability

If the base station manages all transmissions centrally, then collision rate is reduced, but system complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:

Improvecollision avoidanceVSAvoidbase station complexity

Core Design Contradiction:

ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The CTS message acts as an intermediary control mechanism that simplifies base station management by providing a standardized authorization protocol, allowing centralized coordination without requiring complex real-time negotiation or resource allocation algorithms

Inventive Principle:

Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Data Source

PatentUS20240349343A1Reduced Delays for Previously-Delayed Users in 5G and 6G

Publication Date: 2024.10.17 THE MASSENGILL FAMILY TRUST

AI summary

Communications between user devices and base stations in 5G/6G, and in earlier generations, often permit gross unfairness in allocating transmission opportunities. A user device that has previously been denied permission to transmit is more likely to be denied again, whereas in a fair system the longest-delayed user device would be granted uplink permission soonest (QOS and priorities being equal). Therefore, herein is disclosed a base station protocol in which each user device's delay history is recorded and, when that user device again requests permission to transmit, that user device is granted sooner than the other users who have not been delayed, or not as long as the most-delayed user device. In versions, the user devices may report their accumulated delay times, or the base station may count the number of delay events each user device has experienced.