5G RAN TNLA Selection via Weighted Load Balancing
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional Cloud Radio Access Networks (C-RANs) lack a method for optimal selection of Transport Network Layer Associations (TNLAs) among multiple available options, leading to load misbalancing across TNLAs due to the absence of a defined algorithm for UE allocation, resulting in inefficient resource distribution and scalability issues.
Innovation Solution
A method is introduced where weight factors are assigned to each TNLA based on operating conditions and capacity, allowing the Central Unit (CU) to communicate these factors to the Distributed Unit (DU) for selecting the appropriate TNLA for new UEs, ensuring load balancing across available TNLAs through the F1-C, Xn-C, and E1 interfaces.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If multiple TNLAs are configured between CU and DU for scalability and resiliency, then network capacity and reliability are improved, but load misbalancing occurs due to absence of defined selection algorithm
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements feedback mechanisms where the CU monitors load conditions on multiple TNLAs and provides this information to the DU. The DU uses this feedback to make informed TNLA selection decisions, dynamically adjusting which TNLA to assign to new UEs based on current load conditions, thereby achieving load balancing while maintaining multiple TNLAs for resiliency
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces dynamic TNLA selection where the chosen TNLA can change over time based on varying network conditions. Instead of static assignment, the system dynamically adjusts TNLA selection based on real-time load information, allowing optimal resource utilization while maintaining the benefits of multiple TNLAs
2Ease of manufacture
If round-robin or random TNLA selection is used due to lack of defined method, then implementation is simple, but load misbalancing and inefficient resource distribution occur
Solution Approach 1:
The patent enables the DU to autonomously select appropriate TNLAs based on load information provided by the CU. The DU independently makes selection decisions without requiring complex centralized control, maintaining implementation simplicity while achieving efficient resource distribution through local intelligence and autonomous decision-making
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the selection parameter from random or round-robin to load-based selection. By introducing load as a selecting parameter, the system transitions from simple but inefficient selection to more complex but efficient load-balanced selection, improving resource utilization while maintaining manageable implementation through standardized protocols
3Speed
If DU selects TNLA without load balancing criteria, then selection process is fast and simple, but load misbalancing occurs requiring trial-and-error correction
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements preliminary action by having the CU prepare and communicate load information about multiple TNLAs to the DU before UE attachment. This advance preparation allows the DU to make informed, accurate TNLA selections without trial-and-error, achieving both speed and reliability by having necessary information ready in advance
Data Source
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AI summary
A method of enabling a Cloud Radio Access Network (C-RAN)- compatible central unit (CU) to modify at least one dynamic Transport Network Layer Association (TNLA) in communication with a C-RAN-compatible distributed unit (DU) includes: generating, by the CU, a first TNLA distinct from an existing second TNLA; communicating, by the CU to the DU, assigned first and second weight factors associated with the first and second TNLAs, respectively, wherein i) the assigned first weight factor associated with the first TNLA indicates required selection, and ii) the assigned second weight factor for the second TNLA indicates required non-selection; establishing a new Stream Control Transport Protocol (SCTP) connection towards a gNB-CU IP address associated with the first TNLA; and automatically selecting, by the DU, the first TNLA for any new UE requiring service. The method can be performed using one of F1-C interface, Xn-C interface and E1 interface.