A2MC2 PRRSV Strain Interferon Induction Vaccine

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current methods for controlling Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) infections in swine are ineffective due to the virus's ability to inhibit type I interferon signaling, leading to suppressed immune responses and significant economic losses.

Innovation Solution

Development of novel polynucleotides and proteins from a newly discovered PRRSV strain, A2MC2, which induces production of type I interferons and stimulates neutralizing antibody production, including those recognizing distinct strains, through vaccine preparations and pharmaceutical compositions.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If conventional PRRSV control methods are used, then current standard approaches are applied, but immune response is suppressed due to virus inhibition of type I interferon signaling

Engineering Contradiction:

Improveeffectiveness of PRRSV controlVSAvoidsuppression of immune response

Core Design Contradiction:

ReliabilityVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent uses a different strain of PRRSV (A2MC2) that has different genetic parameters compared to conventional strains. This strain naturally induces type I interferon production instead of inhibiting it, changing the fundamental parameter of immune interaction from suppression to stimulation, thereby resolving the contradiction between virus control and immune response maintenance

Inventive Principle:

Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent converts the harmful effect of PRRSV (immune suppression) into a beneficial effect by using a strain that induces interferon production. The virus is still present and can be controlled, but now it triggers the desired immune response (interferon production) rather than suppressing it, effectively converting the harmful virus-host interaction into a beneficial immunological outcome

Inventive Principle:

Principle #22Blessing in disguise (Convert harm into benefit)

2Productivity

If PRRSV replicates actively in pig lungs, then viral replication occurs, but type I interferons are not detectable due to viral inhibition

Engineering Contradiction:

Improveviral replicationVSAvoiddetectable type I interferons

Core Design Contradiction:

ProductivityVSQuantity of substance

Solution Approach 1:

The A2MC2 strain changes the parameter of interferon production from undetectable (as with conventional strains) to detectable levels. This genetic parameter change in the virus strain allows simultaneous viral replication and interferon production, resolving the contradiction between viral productivity and interferon quantity

Inventive Principle:

Principle #35Parameter changes

3Reliability

If PRRSV-infected pigs develop neutralizing antibodies, then adaptive immune response occurs, but onset is delayed and titer is low due to viral suppression

Engineering Contradiction:

Improveneutralizing antibody productionVSAvoiddelayed onset of antibody response

Core Design Contradiction:

ReliabilityVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The A2MC2 strain performs preliminary action by inducing type I interferon production early in the infection process. This preliminary interferon response primes the immune system before the adaptive antibody response begins, accelerating the overall immune response timeline and preventing the delayed onset characteristic of conventional PRRSV infections

Inventive Principle:

Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the temporal parameter of immune response by using a virus strain that induces interferon at different kinetics compared to conventional strains. This parameter change in the immune response profile results in earlier and higher titer neutralizing antibody production, resolving the contradiction between antibody reliability and response timing

Inventive Principle:

Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

A2MC2 strain effectively stimulates immune responses, inducing type I interferons and neutralizing antibodies, thereby reducing the severity and incidence of PRRSV infections in swine, offering a more effective prophylaxis and therapy compared to existing approaches.

Implementation Method 1

A2MC2 infection of MARC-145 or PAM cells led to the synthesis of type I interferons (IFNs)

Methodology Applied

Scientific EffectInterferon induction:

Implementation Method 2

The binding of type I IFNs to their receptors activates the Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway, which induces expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs)

Methodology Applied

Scientific EffectJAK-STAT signaling pathway activation:

Implementation Method 3

The innate immune system is activated after cellular pattern recognition receptors (PRR) sense pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) of invading pathogens

Methodology Applied

Scientific EffectPattern recognition:

Data Source

PatentUS8906385B2Interferon-inducing porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus isolate

Publication Date: 2014.12.09 UNIV OF MARYLAND

AI summary

Provided are polynucleotides and proteins encoded by them which are useful for stimulating an immune response against Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in swine. The compositions can contain a newly discovered PRRSV strain or recombinant versions of it or polynucleotides isolated or derived from it, which can be provided as pharmaceutical preparations.