AAD Dicots Control via Herbicide Selection in Corn
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Solution Overview
Problem
The challenge lies in controlling volunteer AAD-12 and AAD-13 dicot plants in corn fields, as they often exhibit resistance to common herbicides like 2,4-D and pyridyloxyacetate, making traditional herbicide management ineffective and requiring alternative solutions to prevent yield reduction.
Innovation Solution
The use of dicamba, clopyralid, triazines, glyphosate, and glufosinate herbicides is proposed, depending on the herbicide tolerance traits present in both the dicot volunteers and the corn crop, to effectively control volunteer AAD dicot plants without inducing resistance.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If AAD-12 or AAD-13 genes are introduced to provide tolerance to 2,4-D and pyridyloxyacetate herbicides, then herbicide tolerance is improved, but control of volunteer plants in subsequent seasons deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the herbicide resistance strategy by introducing a second gene (aad-1 or aad-11) that provides resistance to a different herbicide mode of action (phenoxy- and aryloxyphenoxyproplonates for aad-1, or pyridyloxyacetates for aad-11). This creates a divided resistance system where each gene targets specific herbicide classes, allowing selective control of volunteer plants by choosing appropriate herbicides based on which resistance gene is present.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the chemical parameter of herbicide resistance by introducing genes that confer tolerance to herbicides with different chemical structures and modes of action. By transforming the resistance profile from single-mode (2,4-D only) to multi-mode (2,4-D plus alternative herbicides), the system maintains control effectiveness over volunteer plants through parameter diversification.
2Reliability
If AAD genes are stacked with other herbicide resistance traits (glyphosate, glufosinate), then herbicide tolerance is improved, but volunteer plant control becomes more difficult
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies multi-functionality by designing a stacked resistance system where multiple genes (aad-12/aad-13 for 2,4-D and pyrs, plus additional genes for glyphosate or glufosinate resistance) work together to provide broad-spectrum herbicide tolerance. This universal resistance system allows the same crop variety to withstand multiple different herbicide applications, maintaining control options despite increased genetic complexity.
3Productivity
If pyr herbicides are used to control dicot volunteers, then control effectiveness is improved, but resistance development occurs when AAD-12 or AAD-13 genes are present
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces dynamics by making herbicide selection flexible and adaptive based on the resistance profile of volunteer plants. Rather than relying on a single static herbicide (pyr), the system dynamically switches to alternative herbicides (2,4-D, fops, or other modes of action) depending on which resistance genes are present in the volunteer population, thereby maintaining control effectiveness while avoiding resistance breakdown.
Data Source
AI summary
The subject invention relates in part to the control of AAD-12 dicot volunteers in fields planted with monocot crops such as corn. The dicots can include soybeans and cotton.