AB5 Metal Hydride Alloy for High-Pressure Hydrogen Storage
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current AB5-type metal hydrides are not suitable for gaseous hydrogen storage under high pressure due to low reversibility, large hysteresis, and limited hydrogen storage capacity, making them unsuitable for high-pressure applications.
Innovation Solution
A Ni-based AB5-type metal hydride alloy with a specific crystal structure composition (LaxCeyMI(1-x-y)NiaCobFecMd) is developed, where x, y, a, b, c, and d are molar ratios within certain ranges, and produced using rapid melt solidification by spinning roller quenching, resulting in an alloy with improved cycle life, reduced hysteresis, and enhanced hydrogen absorption capacity.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If conventional AB5-type metal hydrides are used for hydrogen storage, then hydrogen absorption capacity is achieved, but reversibility is poor and hysteresis is large under high pressure
Solution Approach 1:
The patent modifies the compositional parameters of the AB5-type alloy by incorporating specific elements (Ti, Zr, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Al) in controlled amounts to optimize both reversibility and hydrogen storage capacity. The general formula La1-x-yAxB5-zMwAlv is designed with specific ranges for each element to achieve the desired balance between these contradictory properties.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention creates a composite alloy system by combining multiple elements (rare earth metals La, Ce with transition metals Ti, Zr, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu and light metal Al) to form an AB5-type intermetallic compound. This composite material approach allows synergistic effects that improve both reversibility and hydrogen storage capacity simultaneously.
2Quantity of substance
If conventional AB5-type metal hydrides are used, then hydrogen storage is achieved, but hysteresis between absorption and desorption is large
Solution Approach 1:
The patent adjusts compositional parameters including the ratios of rare earth metals (La, Ce), transition metals (Ti, Zr, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu), and light metal (Al) to minimize hysteresis. Specific element combinations and concentration ranges are optimized to reduce the difference between absorption and desorption pressure curves while maintaining high hydrogen storage capacity.
3Temperature
If conventional AB5-type metal hydrides are used, then room temperature storage is achieved, but dehydrogenation pressure is too low for high-pressure applications
Solution Approach 1:
The patent modifies the thermodynamic parameters of the alloy by adjusting the compositional ratios of elements A (Ti, Zr, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu) and M (Al) to shift the dehydrogenation pressure to the desired range of 3-15 bar at room temperature, making it suitable for high-pressure hydrogen storage applications while maintaining operational temperature flexibility.
4Stress or pressure
If alloy composition is optimized for high-pressure applications, then dehydrogenation pressure increases, but cycle life decreases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent optimizes compositional parameters within specific ranges: x (0.05-0.40), y (0.05-0.40), B content (0.80-1.20), M content (0.05-0.30), and Al content (0.05-0.30) to achieve a balance where dehydrogenation pressure is elevated to 3-15 bar while maintaining structural stability and long cycle life exceeding 2000 cycles.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention employs a composite alloy structure combining rare earth metals (La, Ce), transition metals (Ti, Zr, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu), and light metal (Al) in the AB5-type intermetallic compound. This composite material design provides both the necessary dehydrogenation pressure and the structural resilience required for long cycle life.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The alloy achieves a long-cycle life (>2000 cycles), small hysteresis (<5 bar), and maintains high hydrogen storage capacity (>1.45 wt. %) even at dehydrogenation pressures above 50 bar, with a flat absorption/desorption plateau pressure suitable for solid-state hydrogen storage and compression systems.
Implementation Method 1
Hydrogen gas molecules (H2) stick to the metal surface and is then dissociated at the surface before absorption
Implementation Method 2
The hydrogen atoms then penetrate into the interior of the metal crystal to form a new solid substance called a metal hydride
Implementation Method 3
Hydrogen atoms migrate to the surface of the metal hydride, combine into hydrogen molecules H2 and flow away as hydrogen gas
Implementation Method 4
The melt is then cast onto a spinning roller where it rapidly solidifies and breaks into flakes
Data Source
AI summary
This invention relates to metal hydrides for storing hydrogen, in particular AB5 based metal hydrides, methods of production and uses thereof.