Adaptive Bit Rate Streaming via Orbital Angular Momentum Multiplexing
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing adaptive bit rate (ABR) streaming technologies face latency and bandwidth inefficiencies when user devices need to request different bit rate segments, as they require multiple frequency transmissions, which can be cumbersome and bandwidth-intensive.
Innovation Solution
The system transmits multiple ABR segment streams over a shared frequency using orbital angular momentum (OAM) channels and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) spatial multiplexing, allowing devices to select appropriate segments without changing frequencies and recover corrupted segments from other streams, reducing latency and bandwidth usage.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If multiple ABR segment streams are transmitted on separate frequencies, then each stream can be delivered reliably, but bandwidth usage increases and latency increases due to multiple frequency transitions
Solution Approach 1:
The patent merges multiple ABR segment streams onto a single shared frequency channel using OAM multiplexing. Instead of transmitting each bit rate stream on a separate frequency, the system combines them into one frequency channel with multiple OAM modes, thereby reducing bandwidth usage while maintaining reliable delivery of all streams through the shared medium.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces OAM (orbital angular momentum) modes as an additional dimension for multiplexing. By utilizing different OAM modes (e.g., OAM-0, OAM-1, OAM-2) instead of separate frequencies, the system achieves multiple simultaneous streams on a single frequency, effectively adding a new degree of freedom to the transmission medium.
2Adaptability or versatility
If user devices request ABR segments dynamically when conditions change, then adaptability to network conditions is achieved, but latency increases due to repeated requests
Solution Approach 1:
The system performs preliminary action by pre-transmitting multiple ABR segment streams simultaneously on the shared frequency before the user device needs to switch between bit rates. This allows the device to select different segments without waiting for new requests, reducing latency while maintaining adaptability to changing network conditions.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent implements feedback mechanisms where the user device reports its network conditions and bit rate preferences to the server. Based on this feedback, the server dynamically adjusts which OAM modes carry which bit rate streams, enabling real-time adaptation without requiring the device to repeatedly request segments, thus reducing latency.
3Quantity of substance
If multiple ABR segment streams are transmitted on a shared frequency using OAM channels, then bandwidth usage is reduced, but device complexity increases due to OAM processing requirements
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces OAM mode conversion components as intermediaries between the transmission and reception ends. These intermediaries handle the complex OAM mode conversions and multiplexing operations, shielding the user device from the full complexity of OAM processing. The intermediary components manage the technical complexity while enabling bandwidth-efficient transmission.
4Adaptability or versatility
If segments are transmitted sequentially on different frequencies, then frequency diversity is achieved, but system complexity increases due to frequency management
Solution Approach 1:
Instead of changing frequency parameters to achieve diversity, the patent changes the OAM mode parameter while maintaining a fixed frequency. By varying the OAM mode number (l = 0, 1, 2, ...) rather than frequency, the system achieves multiplexing capacity without the complexity of frequency management, as all streams share the same frequency carrier.
Data Source
AI summary
A system for transmitting multiple adaptive bit rate (ABR) segment streams on a shared frequency may include an ABR segment generator and transmitter circuitry. The ABR segment generator may encode a content item based at least in part on different ABR profiles to generate encoded streams. The ABR profiles may indicate encoding parameters corresponding to the encoded streams, e.g., bit rates, resolutions, frame rates and/or codecs. The ABR segment generator may be further configured to segment the encoded streams to generate ABR segment streams. The transmitter circuitry may be configured to transmit the ABR segment streams on a shared frequency, such as by transmitting the segment streams over spatially separated antennas, or by applying different orbital angular momentums to the ABR segment streams. In one or more implementations, the system may further include a segment interleaver that is configured to interleave the ABR segment streams.