Absorber Regenerator System for H2S Selectivity and Heat Reduction
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing methods for recovering H2S from gasified gases containing CO2 and H2S, such as those from coal or biomass gasification, suffer from reduced H2S absorption rates and selectivity due to increased H2S concentration in the absorbent, leading to increased heat energy requirements.
Innovation Solution
A system and method involving an absorber and regenerator with specific absorbent supply lines and heat exchangers to manage the flow and temperature of the absorbent, reducing the flow rate at the absorber's lower portion and optimizing the regeneration process to improve H2S selectivity and reduce heat energy usage.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Productivity
If the absorbent flow rate at the lower portion of the absorber is increased to improve H2S removal rate, then H2S removal efficiency is improved, but H2S concentration in the absorbent increases which lowers absorption rate and selectivity
Solution Approach 1:
The absorber is divided into upper and lower portions with different absorbent flow rates. The lower portion receives a higher absorbent flow rate to ensure high H2S removal efficiency, while the upper portion receives a lower absorbent flow rate to maintain low H2S concentration in the absorbent, preserving absorption rate and selectivity. This segmentation allows simultaneous optimization of both removal rate and selectivity.
2Productivity
If the absorbent flow rate is increased to improve H2S removal rate, then H2S removal efficiency is improved, but heat energy consumption increases
Solution Approach 1:
The system segments the absorbent flow into different rates for upper and lower portions of the absorber. By applying higher flow rate only where needed (lower portion) and lower flow rate where less H2S is present (upper portion), the system achieves high removal efficiency while minimizing unnecessary heat energy consumption that would occur with uniformly high flow rates throughout.
3Productivity
If CO2 absorption is prioritized in the absorber, then CO2 removal efficiency is improved, but H2S selectivity deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
Different regions of the absorber are assigned different functional qualities. The lower portion is optimized for high CO2 removal with higher absorbent flow, while the upper portion is optimized for H2S selectivity with lower absorbent flow. This local differentiation allows the system to achieve both high CO2 removal efficiency and high H2S selectivity simultaneously by matching local conditions to local requirements.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The system enhances H2S selectivity and reduces the amount of reboiler heat required, achieving efficient separation of H2S from CO2 while minimizing heat energy consumption.
Implementation Method 1
an absorber that uses a gas containing CO2 and H2S as an introduced gas and makes CO2 and H2S absorbed from the introduced gas by bringing the introduced gas into contact with an absorbent absorbing CO2 and H2S
Implementation Method 2
regenerates the absorbent by releasing CO2 and H2S with the heat of a reboiler
Implementation Method 3
a first heat exchanger which is provided at an intersection between the first and second supply lines and where the absorbent extracted from the bottom of the absorber and having absorbed CO2 and H2S exchanges heat with the regenerated absorbent
Data Source
AI summary
An absorber that uses a gasified gas containing CO2 and H2S formed by gasifying coal, for example, as an introduced gas, and that makes the CO2 and H2S absorbed from the introduced gas by bringing the introduced gas into contact with an absorbent for absorbing C02 and H2S; an absorbent regenerator-that extracts absorbent that has absorbed CO2 and H2S from the bottom of the absorber and introduces the absorbent from the top of the absorber, and that regenerates the absorbent by releasing the CO2 and H2S; a second supply line that returns the regenerated absorbent from the regenerator to the absorber; and a third supply line that extracts the absorbent (semi-rich solution) that has absorbed a part of the CO2 and H2S from the vicinity of the middle of the absorber, and that introduces the semi-rich solution in the vicinity of the middle of the regenerator.