Absorption Refrigeration for Chilled Ammonia CO2 Capture
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Solution Overview
Problem
The Chilled Ammonia Process for carbon capture requires significant power due to the use of mechanical refrigeration systems, which reduces the efficiency and increases the cost of electricity production, especially at higher ambient temperatures.
Innovation Solution
Implementing an absorption refrigeration system that utilizes heat from the flue gas and the CAP stripper overhead section to drive the refrigeration process, eliminating the need for mechanical refrigeration and reducing power consumption.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Productivity
If mechanical refrigeration systems are used in the Chilled Ammonia Process, then CO2 capture efficiency is improved, but power consumption increases significantly
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces the mechanical refrigeration system with an absorption refrigeration system that uses thermal energy instead of mechanical compression. The absorption chiller uses heat from the flue gas and stripper overhead to drive the refrigeration cycle, eliminating the need for high-power mechanical compressors while maintaining the cooling effect required for CO2 capture.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent converts waste heat from the flue gas and stripper overhead, which would otherwise be discarded, into useful cooling energy to drive the absorption refrigeration system. This transforms harmful waste thermal energy into a beneficial resource that powers the CO2 capture process without additional fuel consumption.
2Temperature
If mechanical refrigeration systems are used to cool combustion gas, then gas cooling effect is improved, but system cost increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces expensive mechanical refrigeration equipment with a thermally-driven absorption system, reducing capital costs for compressors and motors while eliminating ongoing electrical power expenses. The absorption system uses readily available thermal energy sources already present in the process.
Solution Approach 2:
The absorption refrigeration system serves multiple functions: it cools the combustion gas for CO2 capture, utilizes waste heat from flue gas and stripper overhead, and eliminates the need for separate mechanical cooling equipment. This multi-functionality reduces overall system complexity and cost.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach significantly reduces the overall power needed for the carbon capture system, particularly at higher ambient conditions, by leveraging waste heat and improving the system's efficiency and cost-effectiveness.
Implementation Method 1
Implementing an absorption refrigeration system that utilizes heat from the flue gas and the CAP stripper overhead section to drive the refrigeration process
Implementation Method 2
utilizes heat from the flue gas and the CAP stripper overhead section to drive the refrigeration process
Implementation Method 3
The CO2 is then captured from the cooled and clean flue gas in a CO2 absorber utilizing an ammoniated solution or slurry in the NH3—CO2H2O system
Implementation Method 4
Through this chilling, the temperature of the combustion gas is reduced to 0° C. to 20° C. to achieve maximum condensation and gas cleaning effect
Data Source
AI summary
A carbon dioxide removal system includes a chilled ammonia carbon capture system; an absorber refrigeration system in fluid communication with the chilled ammonia system; and a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) in fluid communication with the chilled ammonia system and the absorber refrigeration system.