AC-Coupled FET Driver for DC-Isolated Fast Switching

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional field-effect transistor (FET) drivers add direct current to the field, making them unsuitable for applications where direct current cannot be introduced, limiting their use as alternatives to PhotoMOS or solid-state relays, which may be too slow or require isolated power sources.

Innovation Solution

A capacitor-driven FET driver is developed, utilizing an input modulator and isolating capacitor to generate and store an alternating current signal, allowing for the isolation of direct current and enabling faster switching speeds without disrupting the direct current value in the field loop, using an amplifier, isolating capacitor, and filter capacitor to drive the capacitor-driven FET based on stored charge.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Speed

If a standard FET driver is implemented, then switching speed is improved, but direct current is added to the field which is not acceptable in certain applications

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveswitching speedVSAvoiddirect current addition to field
Core Design Contradiction:
SpeedVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces an isolating capacitor as an intermediary component between the FET driver and the field. This capacitor blocks direct current from being added to the field while still allowing the driver to control the FET switching operation, thus resolving the contradiction between achieving fast switching and avoiding harmful DC current injection into the field.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the electrical parameters of the driving signal by using AC coupling through the isolating capacitor. This transforms the driver output from a direct current-controlled signal to an alternating current signal that charges and discharges the capacitor, enabling FET switching without introducing harmful DC components to the field.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Object-generated harmful factors

If PhotoMOS or solid-state relays are used, then direct current is not added to the field, but switching speed is too slow for some applications

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedirect current addition to fieldVSAvoidswitching speed
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-generated harmful factorsVSSpeed

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces the mechanical or optical relay mechanisms (PhotoMOS, solid-state relays) with an electronic FET switching mechanism controlled by AC-coupled driver circuitry. This substitution maintains the benefit of not adding DC to the field while achieving significantly faster switching speeds through the solid-state FET operation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

3Object-generated harmful factors

If PhotoMOS or solid-state relays are used, then direct current is not added to the field, but isolated power source is required

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedirect current addition to fieldVSAvoidpower source requirement
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-generated harmful factorsVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent makes the FET driver circuit universal by using AC coupling that can operate with the existing field power source. The isolating capacitor allows the driver to function without requiring a separate isolated power source, as the AC signal can be derived from the existing field voltage, thus reducing system complexity while maintaining field integrity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution achieves significantly faster switching speeds, up to 10 times faster than PhotoMOS, with improved control and reproducibility, while maintaining the direct current values in the field loop, suitable for industrial devices that rely on direct current for information conveyance.

Implementation Method 1

The isolating capacitor is configured to receive the AC signal, to store a charge based on the AC signal

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCapacitance: Capacitance

Implementation Method 2

The isolating capacitor is configured to receive the AC signal as an input, to store a charge based on the AC signal in a filter capacitor, and to drive a capacitor-driven FET based on the stored charge

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectrical isolation: Electrical Impedance Tomography

Data Source

PatentEP3172840B1Field-effect transistor driver
Publication Date: 2020.02.12 HONEYWELL INTERNATIONAL INC
  • EP3172840B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2B
  • EP3172840B1 patent drawingFigure 3A~3B

AI summary

A field-effect transistor (FET) driver is provided that includes an input modulator (202) and an isolating capacitor (206, 304). The input modulator is configured to output an alternating current (AC) signal. The isolating capacitor is configured to receive the AC signal as an input and to store a charge based on the AC signal in a filter capacitor (310). The filter capacitor is configured to drive a capacitor-driven FET (102, 208, 210, 212) based on the stored charge.